A total of 607 residents graduated from the 17 programs. J Surg Res. ABSITE; SCORE curriculum; medical knowledge; resident education. Caldwell, K.E., Klingensmith, M.E., Wise, P.E. Program factors appear to significantly influence ABSITE performance. We found a strong correlation between performance on the pre-ABSITE SCORE-based exam and performance on the ABSITE exam. Are surgical milestone assessments predictive of in-training examination scores? CChan https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JSURG.2020.07.039. J Surg Educ. Home | About | Contact | Copyright | Report Content | Privacy | Cookie Policy | Terms & Conditions | Sitemap. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our, Table 1. 2013;13(1):48. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2288-13-48. J Pediatr Surg. Application deadline is March 30, 2023. Residents performing at less than 60% meet with the Program Director for discussion and formulation of a study plan. BDSanfey J Surg Educ. The correlation between ABSITE performance in the chief resident year and success on the ABS qualifying examination has consistently been strong; however, few data are available regarding an association between ABSITE scores in earlier postgraduate years and qualifying examination performance or such an association with the certifying examination.3,4 In a previous single-institution study, de Virgilio et al5 demonstrated that scoring below the 30th percentile at any time during residency predicted subsequent failure on the qualifying examination. Fifty-seven percent were males, 62% were categorical residents, and 38% were preliminary residents. Smeds MR, Thrush CR, McDaniel FK, et al. Data is openly available via the databased searched in this review. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JAMCOLLSURG.2019.12.012. How do you become a member of the American College of Surgeons? Factors associated with a higher likelihood of a first-time pass for the qualifying examination (Table 2 and Table 3) included USMLE Step 1 score (median score of 222 for those who passed vs 204 for those who did not; P<.001), USMLE Step 2 score (median score of 213 for those who passed vs 193 for those who did not; P<.001), ABSITE national percentile scores in PGY 1 through PGY 4 and the chief year (all P<.001), the presence of a remediation program for a low ABSITE score (93% pass rate with such a program vs 79% without; P<.001), and a mandatory research year during residency (93% pass rate with research vs 85% without; P=.03). Range programs do NOT typically offer interviews: 220-230 seems to be the minimum threshold we would recommend for having a good chance at enough interviews. Participants Study habits centered on completing review questions result in quantitatively higher American Board of Surgery In-Training Exam scores. The dreaded ABSITE (American Board of Surgery In-Training Exam) is a standardized exam with 250 plus multiple choice questions given over five long hours and graded on a percentile curve by year of graduation. Hussain A, Trecartin A, Golden D, et al. NRMP Results and Data Specialties Matching Service, 2022 Appointment Year (PDF, 167 pages), a report summarizing all fellowship Matches in the NRMP's Specialties Matching Service (SMS). The ABSITE exam is standardized and considered reproducible [3]. J Surg Educ. Can my program administer the exam to this individual? As noted by ACS Division of Education & published in the Journal of Surgical Education - ABSITE Quest users saw over a 15% increase in their percentile score with completion of as little as 3 questions each & every day. Acquisition of data: de Virgilio, Yaghoubian, Collins, Deveney, Dolich, Easter, Hines, Katz, Liu, Mahmoud, Melcher, Parks, Reeves, Salim, Scherer, Takanishi, and Waxan. The ABSITE is a test in clinical and basic science that is designed to serve as an objective measure of resident knowledge to determine competency for progression in the program. The ABS provides program directors with various reports, including an individual score report for each examinee. National Library of Medicine The PEMBA program's structure is an average time commitment of 24 hours per week for reading and assignments, with classes one day a week, and most assignments related directly to physicians' daily work. On multivariable analysis, a USMLE Step 1 score below 200 and scoring below the 35th percentile on the ABSITE at any PGY level predicted failing both the qualifying examination and the certifying examination. et al. Meyer VM, Benjamens S, Moumni ME, Lange JFM, Pol RA. Committee to Evaluate the USMLE Program (CEUP),Comprehensive review of the USMLE: summary of the final report and recommendations. All candidates are offered no more than one opportunity per academic year in each year of admissibility to take the CE. 2015;90(8):106776. The American Board of Surgery In-Training Examination (ABSITE) is employed to assess resident knowledge. Surgery residency curriculum examination scores predict future American Board of Surgery in-training examination performance. Do Men Still Wear Button Holes At Weddings? You might also look at your clinical schedule for next year and try to avoid a challenging or busy rotation in the month before you take the ABSITE. When appropriate, numerical variables were compared using the nonparametric Wilcoxon rank sum test and are reported as medians with interquartile ranges. 2022 Jan 1;275(1):e75-e81. Assessment of general surgery resident study habits and use of the TrueLearn question bank for American Board of Surgery In-Training exam preparation. The Surgical Council on Resident Education Inc. All rights reserved. Google Scholar. sharing sensitive information, make sure youre on a federal You can retake the USMLE Step 1 exam up to six times. Scores from the American Board of Surgery In-Training exam (ABSITE) are an important metric for assessment of resident knowledge, gaging resident readiness for board examinations, and differentiating candidates for fellowship. Generate your own quiz based on specific topics. Epub 2013 Jul 12. Acad Med. Exam Content Three of the program-specific draws have been Introduction: A 2020 survey of post-graduate year 5 (PGY5) general surgery residents linked to the American Board of Surgery In-Training Examination (ABSITE) revealed significant deficits in self . 2015;150(9):8829. Kamine TH, Sabe AA, Nath B, Barnes K, Kent TS. 2019;234:548. Program factors that influence American Board of Surgery In-Training Examination Performance: a multi-institutional study. According to the American Board of Surgery, the ABSITE is furnished to program directors as a 2007;298(9):10029. How many questions are on the general surgery qualifying exam? 2015 May-Jun;72(3):491-9. doi: 10.1016/j.jsurg.2014.11.013. Enhancing the scoping study methodology: a large, inter-professional teams experience with Arksey and OMalleys framework. TrueLearn ABSITE SmartBank:https://truelearn.net/ Over the past few years, TrueLearn has become THE databank for ABSITE studying. See below for more on exam opportunities and admissibility. If you have questions once you have received your individual score report, your program director can help with the interpretation of the results. United States Medical Licensing Examination Step 1 (STEP 1) and Step 2 (STEP 2) scores are used in the selection of surgery residents. The findings of the study create an opportunity for early identification of residents who are at increased risk of failing these examinations, with the potential for remediation. 2019;242:2649. Our program gives us access to SCORE to prepare for the absite etc. 2023 The Regents of the University of California. For America Revere, MD, a first-year general surgery resident at Augusta University Medical College of Georgia, however, it was something she stumbled upon. Highest ABSITE in-training examination score among 2nd year residents Sunrise GME Consortium General Surgery Program Feb 2017 What about the senior absite? Counterintuitively, residents from programs with a lower ABSITE threshold for remediation performed better on the examination. While board certification is not required to practice medicine, it is a valuable tool for determining the expertise and experience of a physician in a particular field of medicine. I noticed that each "module" has a pretty comprehensive list of "learning objectives" that hit all the highlights of a topic (I think all pulled from a text like Sabiston/Greenfield's). Conclusions: Discretion should be used in the interpretation and use of its scores. 2021;232(4):397403. The Surgical Knowledge "Growth Curve": Predicting ABSITE Scores and Identifying "At-Risk" Residents. 2014;71(6):e1448. Categorical residents completed 101 (83%) of the January exams, while preliminary residents completed 21 (17%) of these paired exams. The last time we did this, our colleague Jessica went through some of the available evidence about whether . MeSH QE After PGY-4: The ABS will permit residents to apply for and take the General Surgery QE following their PGY-4 year. The exam is presented in one five-hour block; examinees may return to past questions during the exam. A mandatory research year was associated with an increased likelihood of passing the certifying examination (P<.001) (Table 4). If you are off-site, database access will require you to sign into your UCSF my-access account. J Surg Educ. Shebrain S, Folkert K, Baxter J, Leinwand M, Munene G, Sawyer R. SCORE-based simulated ABSITE exam performance as a predictor of performance on the ABSITE. First-time pass rates are used by the Accreditation Council of Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) as one of the measures of the educational success of a surgical residency. J Surg Educ. The surgical knowledge Growth curve: predicting ABSITE scores and identifying At-Risk Residents. CSignificantly improved American Board of Surgery In-Training Examination scores associated with weekly assigned reading and preparatory examinations. You are saying lesser programs don't care what you score and likely these residents are concentrated in those programs? Improving ABSITE scores - a meta-analysis of reported remediation models. A recorded audio-discussion with an expert in each field covering those outlined topics in the ABS curriculum up above. Predicting Performance on the American Board of Surgery Qualifying and Certifying Examinations: A Multi-institutional Study. We hypothesized that implementing a pre-ABSITE SCORE-based exam would help identify underperforming residents and provide early guidance to improve performance on the ABSITE. Rubright JD, Jodoin M, Barone MA. 2016;73(6):e77e83. Ann Surg. 30% will still be below the 30th percentile by definition. ABSITE Scores | Student Doctor Network AMCAS Tracker Live for 2022-2023 Cycle If you are applying to medical school this cycle, you can see how long AMCAS is taking to verify applications with the AMCAS tracker, based on updates from AMCAS and previous cycles. Twenty-seven manuscripts met inclusion criteria. Also some questions and videos. SDChang Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. In summary, we demonstrated that ABSITE and USMLE scores are predictive of success on the ABS qualifying and certifying examinations. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JSS.2016.10.015. Our scientifically designed question bank makes exam prep easy, efficient, & more engaging for general surgery residents by . The mean number of residents per program was 30.7 (range: 15-57). The median ABSITE national percentiles for each PGY level were as follows: 67th percentile for the PGY 1 level, 57th percentile for both the PGY 2 and PGY 3 levels, and 56th percentile for both the PGY 4 and PGY 5 levels. using each program s own computer facilities breaks are allowed at any point during the exam absite exam breakdown the absite covers a range of topics based on the score curriculum . The ABS will not provide examinees with a score report or "transcript." Three letters of recommendation (including one from your current program director or department chair) Dean's letter; A copy of your diploma; A copy of your transcript with the official seal; ABSITE scores; A valid ECFMG certificate (if a foreign graduate.) Retesting despite a passing grade has benefits. Aug 15, 2021. For anyone who read the new ACGME standards in the NEJM article, the emphasis will start to be placed more on percent correct, rather than the percentile score. This was the fourth program-specific draw of 2023 following results of the PNP-only draw on February 15. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JPEDSURG.2020.02.052. The exam may not be purchased individually. By continuing to use our site, you accept our use of cookies, revised. We take a personalized approach to identifying your unique needs and helping you strengthen your knowledge base and test-taking strategies. Lets not throw the baby out with the bath water - keep the ABSITE a numerically scored exam. The exam consists of about 300 multiple-choice questions designed to evaluate a surgeons knowledge of general surgical principles and applied science. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JSS.2019.03.045. Three hundred sixty-two residents (60%) pursued fellowship training, with vascular surgery (chosen by 10% of residents) and cardiothoracic surgery (chosen by 9%) as the most frequent choices. Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959), www.usmle.org/general_information/CEUP-Summary-Report-June2008.pdf, JAMA Surgery Guide to Statistics and Methods, Antiretroviral Drugs for HIV Treatment and Prevention in Adults - 2022 IAS-USA Recommendations, CONSERVE 2021 Guidelines for Reporting Trials Modified for the COVID-19 Pandemic, Global Burden of Skin Diseases, 1990-2017, Guidelines for Reporting Outcomes in Trial Protocols: The SPIRIT-Outcomes 2022 Extension, Mass Violence and the Complex Spectrum of Mental Illness and Mental Functioning, Organization and Performance of US Health Systems, Spirituality in Serious Illness and Health, The US Medicaid Program: Coverage, Financing, Reforms, and Implications for Health Equity, Screening for Prediabetes and Type 2 Diabetes, Statins for Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, Vitamin and Mineral Supplements for Primary Prevention of of Cardiovascular Disease and Cancer, Statement on Potentially Offensive Content, Register for email alerts with links to free full-text articles. For example, if you receive an ABSITE score in the 75th percentile, you have scored greater than or equal to 75% of the reference population. At the above link click on either the Excel or PDF spreadsheets. 2014 Nov-Dec;71(6):e127-31. Resident data were collected in a database (Excel; Microsoft Corporation, Redmond, Washington) and translated into a native SAS format using DBMS/Copy software (Dataflux Corporation, Cary, North Carolina). JAMA. Predicting success of preliminary surgical residents: a multi-institutional study. By rejecting non-essential cookies, Reddit may still use certain cookies to ensure the proper functionality of our platform. Despite the importance of the ABSITE for programs and residents, published literature demonstrates little unity in exam preparation recommendations, describing heterogeneous pedagogies and models that limit wider assessment of utility. Scoring in this range will give you a competitive edge when applying to fellowship programs. Establishment of mandatory multimodality remediation programs and the use of a learning management systems/social media appear to be the most effective measures that can result improved ABSITE performance. This Week in SCORE A topic-of-the-week curriculum covering modules and quizzes. 1, 2 Over time, the ABSITE has been increasingly used as a data point to assess residents for remediation as well as for fellowship Dr. Goel is a body-trained radiologist and an expert in medical education and imaging informatics. You can take the ABSITE each year its available to you, even if youve previously passed it. The program director consensus regarding this product is that it works best when questions are done over time (months) rather than just crashing through all the questions right before the ABSITE. Global Surgical Education - Journal of the Association for Surgical Education Statistical analysis was performed using the Student t-test, analysis of variance, and linear regression as appropriate. Flentje AO, Caturegli I, Kavic SM. The .gov means its official. Residents scoring 200 or higher on Step 1 had an 86% pass rate vs only a 60% pass rate for those with a score of less than 200 (P=.02). You can still succeed with flying colors even after failing the ABSITE. Accessibility Statement, Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. Terms of Use| The ABSITE is a multiple-choice exam taken by surgeons while in residency; it is not required as part of the board certification process. Which Teeth Are Normally Considered Anodontia? Book a free trial today to see how Medlearnity can help you pass your next exam! Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Hope C, Reilly JJ, Griffiths G, Lund J, Humes D. World J Surg. Cameron's Current Surgical Therapy. For PGY2 residents, there was a negative relationship between total time spent on the program and ABSITE score (linear regression analysis best-fit slope, 0.20 0.1; r 2 = 0.33) and total tutorials completed and ABSITE score (linear regression analysis best-fit slope, 0.34 0.22; r 2 = 0.25). https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JSURG.2015.06.014. Osland et al1 noted that Alpha Omega Alpha honors, honors in medical school on a surgery rotation, interview scores, resident rank list number, and faculty evaluations were not predictive of success. 2013 Nov-Dec;70(6):720-4. doi: 10.1016/j.jsurg.2013.06.013. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JSURG.2018.05.008. Considering the amount of information the ABSITE covers, you were probably doing more cramming than learning. Sugar JG, Chu QD, Cole PA, Li BD, Kim RH. The .gov means its official. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JSURG.2014.04.004. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JSURG.2021.06.022. When we removed the program-level predictor of a mandatory research year, the coefficient estimates for the ABSITE and USMLE scores hardly changed, indicating the stability and strength of the association between these 2 predictors and pass rates for individual residents. 2020;55(6):10537. The only glimpses offered are in the form of the post-test score reports provided to individual trainees. Choose the membership category that is best for you and join today! Setting: Mid-year medical knowledge milestones and ABSITE Scores in first-year surgery residents. Another contributing factor is the program's curriculum, which is perhaps the weakest predictor of performance, but still important. The content of the 2023 ABSITE will be aligned with the. More details can be found on the American Board of Surgery website. For Step 2, residents scoring 186 or higher had an 80% pass rate on both examinations vs only a 40% pass rate for those below this threshold (P=.045). ABSITE; Medical Knowledge; Patient Care; Practice-Based Learning and Improvement; Systems-Based Practice; program director; surgery residency; surgical education. Program factors associated with higher ABSITE scores included tracking resident reading throughout the year (median 63rd percentile with tracking vs 59th percentile without, p = 0.040) and the type of remediation (by PD: 77th percentile, by PD and faculty: 57th percentile, faculty only: 64th percentile, with Surgical Education and Self-Assessment Program (SESAP): 63rd percentile, outside review course: 43rd percentile; p < 0.001). Privacy Policy and Terms of Service Keywords: The American Board of Surgery In-Training Examination (ABSITE) is a crucial, objective assessment of surgical knowledge during training. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JSURG.2017.12.010. J Surg Educ. In general, the written exam focuses on the individuals medical knowledge whereas the oral exam focuses on how the candidate applies that knowledge to specific patient scenarios. PMC KWeekly assigned reading and examinations during residency, ABSITE performance, and improved pass rates on the American Board of Surgery Examinations. ABSITE Exam Breakdown The ABSITE covers a range of topics based on the SCORE Curriculum Outline for General Surgery. In contrast, the coefficients for other program-level variables, such as the presence of a remediation program, significantly changed when predicting passage of the qualifying examination, demonstrating near statistical significance (odds ratio, 3.1; P=.053). On multivariable analysis, scoring below the 35th percentile on the ABSITE at any time during residency was associated with an increased risk of failing both examinations (odds ratio, 0.23 [95% confidence interval, 0.08-0.68] for the qualifying examination and 0.35 [0.20-0.61] for the certifying examination), as was scoring less than 200 on the USMLE Step 1 (0.36 [0.21-0.62] for the qualifying examination and 0.62 [0.42-0.93] for the certifying examination). Epub 2020 Oct 26. Declare an interest to your mentor as soon as you are seriously thinking about a specialty. 2016 Nov-Dec;73(6):e77-e83. The ABSITE was designed as a formative assessment used to track resident's knowledge over time and guide professional development, scores from which have also been used to predict success on the American Board of Surgery (ABS) Qualifying (QE) examination [ 2 ]. Chang D, Kenel-Pierre S, Basa J, Schwartzman A, Dresner L, Alfonso AE, Sugiyama G. J Surg Educ. If you are no longer affiliated with a residency program and wish to take the ABSITE, you must find a program whose director is willing to allow you to take the exam along with the residents of that program. So where i was a resident, Below 30% percentile got to write out a paragraph to every question they got wrong and got red flagged on their file and watched closer by the powers that be. Analyses were conducted using SAS statistical software, version 9.1 (SAS Institute Inc, Cary, North Carolina). https://doi.org/10.1016/J.AMJSURG.2020.04.028. Setting I noticed that each "module" has a pretty comprehensive list of "learning objectives" that hit all the highlights of a topic (I think all pulled from a text like Sabiston/Greenfield's). 2015;72(6):e23642. AccessSurgery:https://accesssurgery-mhmedical-com.ucsf.idm.oclc.orgMany textbooks including Zollingers, Schwartz, Maingots abdominal operations, Lange Current Surgical Therapy, Surgical and Interventional Ultrasound, ABSITE Slayer. Most (81.4%) were published between 2018 and 2021. Global Surgical Education - Journal of the Association for Surgical Education, https://doi.org/10.1007/s44186-022-00096-z, American Board of Surgery In-Training Exam, https://www.absurgery.org/xfer/BookletofInfo-Surgery.pdf, https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JSURG.2014.04.004, https://doi.org/10.1016/J.AMJSURG.2020.04.028, https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JPEDSURG.2020.02.052, https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JSURG.2016.05.018, https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JSURG.2020.06.038, https://doi.org/10.1016/J.AMJSURG.2019.02.031, https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JSURG.2021.03.011, https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JSURG.2018.04.020, https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JSURG.2018.05.008, https://doi.org/10.1080/1364557032000119616, https://doi.org/10.1097/ACM.0000000000000786, https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JSS.2020.07.050, https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JSURG.2017.05.010, https://doi.org/10.1016/J.AMJSURG.2019.10.051, https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JAMCOLLSURG.2020.11.030, https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JSURG.2021.06.022, https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JAMCOLLSURG.2019.12.012, https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JSURG.2019.08.015, https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JSURG.2020.07.039, https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JSURG.2019.09.005, https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JSURG.2020.06.025, https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JSS.2016.10.015, https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JSS.2017.05.034, https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JSURG.2018.01.021, https://doi.org/10.1001/JAMASURG.2015.1698, https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JSURG.2015.06.014, https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JSS.2019.03.045, https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JSS.2018.08.045, https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JSURG.2019.09.012, https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JSURG.2018.07.030, https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JSURG.2017.12.010, https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JSURG.2017.06.021, https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JSURG.2020.06.034, https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JSURG.2020.09.007, https://doi.org/10.1097/ACM.0000000000002366. Arksey H, OMalley L. Scoping studies: towards a methodological framework. JSShellito Can I get away with just reading the "learning objectives" page and using Fiser to supplement? 8600 Rockville Pike Dauphine C, Neville AL, Moazzez A, et al. Methods: In October 2014, our university-based surgical residency program began administering a yearly comprehensive pre-ABSITE SCORE-based exam consisting of 225 to 250 multiple-choice questions selected from the SCORE question bank to all our general surgery residents, preliminary and categorical. Objectives, links to resources, and conference prep questions. Trainees are notified of the date of their exam (usually the exam is late January to early February) at the start of the academic year. . Pontell ME, Makhoul AT, Ganesh Kumar N, Drolet BC. The USMLE is one of several criteria used by surgery programs for the residency selection process. The study was approved by the Human Subjects Committee of the Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center. A mandatory research year was associated with an increased likelihood of passing the certifying examination (odds ratio, 3.3 [95% confidence interval, 1.6-6.8]). Daudt HML, van Mossel C, Scott SJ. Epub 2013 Jul 12. Candidates should submit Letter of Interest, CV, PD Letter of Recommendation, and ABSITE scores. Jones AT, Biester TW, Buyske J, Lewis FR, Malangoni MA. Savoie KB, Kulaylat AN, Huntington JT, et al. government site. J Surg Educ. Google Scholar. Strong general surgery training 2. However, there are few data regarding the utility of the USMLE for predicting passage of the ABS examinations. Categorical or nominal variables were compared using the 2 test or Fisher exact test, as appropriate. Kim JJ, Gifford ED, Moazzez A, et al. The ABS offers annually to general surgery residency programs the In-Training Examination (ABSITE), a multiple-choice exam designed to measure the progress attained by residents in their knowledge of applied science and management of clinical problems related to surgery. Program directors felt that the better indicator of a resident's knowledge and progression in surgical residency was percent correct score (42%) vs percentile score (32%), while 10% felt that . All resources are student and donor supported. 11,258. I was on a rough rotation, and didn't sleep well, and a lot of questions hit my weaknesses that I thought I . Cassidy DJ, Chakraborty S, Panda N, McKinley SK, Mansur A, Hamdi I, Mullen J, Petrusa E, Phitayakorn R, Gee D. J Surg Educ. Our aim was to synthesize published literature pertaining to the ABSITE and determine whether this evidence could guide best practice recommendations. Incorporate these tips into your ABSITE study plan. Epub 2015 Jan 16. In addition, there are links to the actual full textbook chapters. Karen J. Dickinson. UCSF YOUTUBEVideo repository, formerly Surgiwiki- these are videos of our surgeons performing a variety of laparoscopic procedures. 2020;220(6):155765. The UNMC General Surgery Residency Program has an ABSITE Club, in which residents scoring below at or below the 35 th percentile will be enrolled. doi: 10.1016/j.jsurg.2014.07.011. The ABSITE is administered solely online using each program's own computer facilities.
Pnc Music Pavilion Bag Policy,
Grainger County Wreck Today,
Articles A
