Background: Dumb was once widely used to describe a person who could not speak and implied the person was incapable of expressing himself or herself; it eventually came to be synonymous with silent.. However, its use is relatively rare and not generally accepted. This also is referred to as deaf-blindness or deafblindness. It often is caused by a spinal cord or brain injury and is characterized by the loss of sensory and motor function. ASL is acceptable on second reference. It was first reported in 1866 by Dr. John Langdon Down and is characterized by a range of physical and cognitive characteristics, which the National Institutes of Health details. I legit ignore every notification with the word in it.. This hearing-impaired population may be even more isolated than the visually impaired community. A note about person-first language. Seizures are more common than you might think. NCDJ Recommendation: Refer to someone as catatonic only if it is part of a medical diagnosis. Do not use OCD as an adjective for someone who obsesses over certain things but has not been formally diagnosed with the disorder. She experiences symptoms of psychosis is preferable to She is psychotic. He has a bipolar disorder is preferable to He is bipolar.. Background: Total blindness is the complete lack of perception of either light or form. Many illnesses, such as diabetes or multiple sclerosis, are life-long conditions. Background: This term came into vogue in the 1990s as an alternative to disabled, handicapped or mentally retarded. Currently, it is not considered appropriate (and for many, never was). Archaeologist Elisa Perego coined the term long COVID to refer to people with lasting symptoms. Some people prefer person with diabetes rather than a diabetic.. Medically assisted suicide is permitted in some states and countries. When referring to a drug test, state that the person tested positive for (drug)., NCDJ Recommendation: Addiction is an acceptable term, although some prefer substance abuse disorder. It is preferable to refer to someone who harmfully uses drugs as someone with a drug addiction rather than an addict. Use recovering or in recovery from to refer to someone trying to overcome an addiction; that is, someone recovering from a methamphetamine addiction.. There is an advocacy movement around this concept that argues against the idea that there is one normal or healthy type of brain or mind or one right style of neurocognitive functioning. AP style: Although there is no entry for service animal, the style book takes note of the Seeing Eye dog trademark and says guide dog is prefered in all references. Many experts classify autism as a developmental disability. NCDJ Recommendation: Refer to someone as having attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder only if the information is relevant to the story and if you are confident the person has been medically diagnosed with the condition. The AA program is focused on 12 steps to achieve sobriety. Instead, say the person has paraplegia. Background: The Oxford English dictionary defines an invalid as a person made weak or disabled by illness or injury. It is probably the oldest term for someone with physical conditions that are considered seriously limiting. Do not substitute slow learner or another derogatory term like retarded.. When covering AA, consider referring to members by their first name only unless official references or context requires otherwise. Background: A deformity is a condition in which part of the body does not have the typical or expected shape, according to Merriam-Webster Dictionary. Be cautious when using the term abnormal behavior. Explain what it means in the context in which it is being used. WebApraxia. AP style: Not addressed except in terms of abbreviation: AA is acceptable on second reference. Psychotherapist: An umbrella term for mental health professionals trained to treat people for their health problems. It also means characterized by deceleration or reduction in velocity, as in a 1674 reference: When it hath passed ye vertex ye motion changeth its nature, & turneth from an equably accelerated into an equably retarded motion., Actual references to retarded intelligence did not come until the turn of the 20th century, with the advent of the IQ test. Such events may include assault, war, sexual assault, natural disasters, car accidents or imprisonment. Until recently, the term deaf-blind was widely accepted, and it is still in use today. NCDJ Recommendation: Ask the disabled person or disability organizational spokesperson about their preferred terminology. Symptoms may include reliving the traumatic event, avoidance of certain behaviors, negative emotions, or physical symptoms such as dizziness or nausea. The association recommends using people-first language to describe mental illness in order to avoid defining people by their disability. NCDJ Recommendation: While it is acceptable to use the terms developmental disability and developmental disabilities, it is preferable to use the name of the specific disability whenever possible. However, the word deformity has a negative connotation when used in reference to those with disabilities. AP style: The style book urges avoidance of the term special education and suggests trying to be specific about the needs or services in question. NCDJ Recommendation: Refer to someone as having dyslexia only if the information is relevant to the story and if youre confident there is a medical diagnosis. But according to deafblind.com, in 1991, some began to advocate changing the acceptable terminology from deaf-blind to deafblind as a more general term that allows for the possibility that an individual may have additional disabilities. Some prefer the term congenital disorder. Specific disorders should be used and the source of the diagnosis identified whenever possible. WebBackground: The terms hearing impaired and hearing impairment are sometimes used to describe people with hearing loss that ranges from partial to complete. The following broad definitions are sourced from Psychology Today: NCDJ Recommendation: Ask professionals how they should be identified, based on their formal training. Jonas Salk introduced the polio vaccine in the 1950s, which drastically reduced cases of polio in the U.S. Additional material: I Dont Have Autism, Im Autistic, Lenny Letter. Use quotes when officials or family members use a term such as a history of mental illness to refer to an individual, and when appropriate, indicate that the diagnosis has not been confirmed. NCDJ Recommendation: When referring to a person with a chronic illness, only refer to the condition if it is pertinent to the story you are confident there is a medical diagnosis. According to the National Institute on Aging, other dementias include Lewy body dementia, frontotemporal disorders and vascular dementia. AP style: The stylebook says injuries may be suffered, sustained or received.. Background: Muscular dystrophy could refer to any of more than 30 genetic conditions characterized by progressive weakness and degeneration of the muscles that control movement, according to the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke. NCDJ Recommendation: Treatment is an acceptable term for medical interventions, and treatment center is acceptable for the establishment in which such practices take place. If possible, ask the person which is preferable. Triggers can be hard to predict, and they vary from individual to individual, but communicating the nature of your content builds audience trust. It is not caused by problems in the muscles or nerves but by differences in parts of the brain that control muscle movement. Finally, it cautions against using mental health terms to describe non-health issues. Help them exercise regularly. Plain English looks and sounds like standard forms of writing. Another version, Easy English, aims at a lower reading level with short sentences often accompanied by pictures. Background: People who use mobility equipment such as a wheelchair, scooter or cane consider the equipment part of their personal space, according to the United Spinal Association. While speech impediment and speech disorder are still widely used within the medical community, many consider the terms offensive because they describe the conditions in terms of a deficiency. Uneven or abnormal speech rhythm. WebMD explains the difference between epilepsy and seizures in this way: Seizures, abnormal movements or behavior due to unusual electrical activity in the brain, are a symptom ofepilepsy. NCDJ Recommendation: Consider using speech disability instead of impediment, disorder or impairment.. Similarly, ask whether the person prefers identity-first or people-first language. In the case of a leg injury, explain instead that an injury resulted in difficulty walking. This condition happens when children slur their words Background: Psychological triggers are words, images or sounds that activate phobias, panic attacks or flashbacks to unpleasant events or trauma. Consider using people-first language, as in a person with an intellectual disability rather than an intellectually disabled person. As always, ask the person which terms they prefer. Many prefer to be described as autistic, while others prefer an autistic person or a person with autism.. AP style: Included in its Disabled/Handicapped entry, the stylebook describes blind as a person with complete loss of sight and suggests using the terms visually impaired or person with low vision for those who have some sight. Twice-exceptional students represent a unique group of learners with diverse programming and emotional needs due to the fact that they may have both gifts and disabilities.. Melanin also plays a role in the development of optic nerves, so people with albinism have vision problems. Common congenital disabilities include Down syndrome, heart-related medical conditions and most forms of cerebral palsy. In some cases, the word typical can be used to describe a non-disabled condition, although be aware that some in the disability community object to its use. Background: The Merriam-Webster Dictionary defines freak as one that is markedly unusual or abnormal, such as a person or animal having a physical oddity and appearing in a circus sideshow. This particular use of the word dates to the middle of the 19th century. WebIt feels like hearing impaired is the PC term that people use because they're uncomfortable saying "Deaf" and that they don't know how to talk to you or are focusing on your deafness, like they need to pick the right word or you're going to Some content can spark difficult memories for people with certain mental illnesses and phobias.Trigger warnings communicate that upcoming content may produce unpredictable and unwelcome reactions for some readers. This condition also has been called long haul and people with it, long haulers.. Some organizations suggest avoiding the terms demented, dementing, dements, senile or senility to refer to someone with dementia. Many people with chronic illnesses do not consider themselves disabled and thus may be offended by the term. For example, The doctor said he was retarded, a term widely used at the time., AP style: Mentally retarded should be avoided. The average height of a dwarf is 40.. Disorder is ubiquitous when it comes to medical references; and the same is true for special when used in special education, so there may be times when its appropriate to use them. They have come to replace labels such as amputee or malformation, deformation or anomaly. Avoid confined to a wheelchair or wheelchair-bound as these terms describe a person only in relationship to a piece of equipment. Instead, state the nature of the disability or injury. AP style:Not directly addressed, although the style book recommends avoiding using disability-related words lightly or in unrelated situations. Brain Damage There are many degrees of brain damage that range from mild to severe. Ask your sources how they want to be described. AP style: Addressed in entry for Trauma, suggesting that traumatic brain injury is an acceptable use of the word trauma., Background: A caregiver is an individual who provides direct care to people with disabilities and others, according to the Merriam-Webster Dictionary. In those cases, attribute the term or note its historic use. AP style: The AP merely defines Tourette Syndrome as, A neurological disorder characterized by involuntary, repetitive movements and vocalizations.. When possible, ask if a person or group uses identity-first language (deaf students) or person-first language (students who are deaf). AP style: PTSD is acceptable on either first or second reference but should be spelled out at least one time. Dont say that an awards show, for example, was schizophrenic., Background: According to the Mayo Clinic: A seizure is a sudden, uncontrolled electrical disturbance in the brain. People with cerebral palsy can exhibit a variety of symptoms. People-first language is not preferred by all people with disabilities. The pandemic altered the way many people think about disability, as people who had never encountered such obstacles were suddenly unable to leave their houses. Slurred speech without alcohol is linked to a variety of diagnoses that are cause for concern, including: Multiple Sclerosis Brain Tumors Lyme Disease Head Injury Cerebral Palsy Stroke NCDJ Recommendation: Since the term is not in widespread use, its meaning should be explained for a general audience; ask sources how they prefer to describe their relationships whenever possible. Other medical diagnoses associated with dementia include Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, Huntingtons disease, Parkinsons disease and Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome (previously known as wet brain). NCDJ Recommendation: Ask the person with a disability how they prefer to be described; if thats not possible, ask a spokesperson for the organization representing the relevant disability for preferred terminology. Background: Tetraplegia, used interchangeably with quadriplegia, is defined as the paralysis of all four limbs as well as the torso. Today, many government and private organizations in the U.S. and elsewhere use deafblind instead of deaf-blind. According to the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association, the opposite is true. Avoid using terms such as suffers from or afflicted with in association with the condition. Background: According to the National Human Genome Research Institute, a genetic disorder is caused in whole or in part by a change in the DNA sequence away from the normal sequence. AP style:The style book defers to the National Association of the Deaf, stating: Hearing-impaired was a well-meaning term that is not accepted or used by many deaf and hard of hearing people.. The Autistic Self Advocacy Network recommends not referring to Aspergers at all but to instead refer to autism or autism spectrum disorder. For us, this really emphasizes the fact that no two people are the same either with regard to disabilities or language preferences. Use non-disabled or people without disabilities instead of healthy, able-bodied, normal or whole.. Mayo Clinic. Another note this time about the language around COVID-19. Background: Alcoholics Anonymous was founded in 1935 by Bill W. and Dr. Bob S. in Akron, Ohio, according to the AA General Service Office. It is typically caused by a spinal cord or brain injury. Why is it often considered more PC to say "Hard of Hearing" instead? NCDJ Recommendation: Do not use the term freak to describe a person with a disability as it is derogatory. However, some readers object to trigger warnings and view them as patronizing and stifling to academic freedom. Background: The Merck Manual ddefines vegetative state as the absence of responsiveness or consciousness in which patients show no awareness of their environment. NCDJ Recommendation: Because it is not commonly used, particularly in the U.S., include a definition when using the term. However, it is such a general term that it fails to accurately describe a persons condition and is now widely viewed as offensive in that it implies that a person lacks abilities. The Registry of Interpreters of the Deaf has a searchable database of registered interpreters. For similar reasons, there is disagreement about characterizing disease or illness as a battle, as in to battle cancer. These arguments surfaced after U.S. This was due to the fact that both groups considered hearing-impaired to be offensive because it carried a value judgement implying that the person was impaired or defective. Avoid using hearing impaired or partial or partially in reference to deafness or hearing loss unless people use those terms for themselves. The condition is a neural tube defect that occurs when the spinal column does not close all the way in the womb. However, AP advises against the latter formulation. Instead use the word condition and try to identify the specific diagnosis if possible. Instead, be as specific as possible. Other symptoms include memory loss, emotional issues, disorientation and the development of other mental disorders. Earwax buildup (cerumen) can occlude sound from passing through to the middle ear. At times, words that are considered outdated may be appropriate because of the storys historical context. Background: These phrases are used to describe conditions in which arms, legs, fingers, or toes are missing, not fully formed or shaped in a different way, either as a result of an amputation or a congenital condition. Many prefer people-first language, such as a person with quadriplegia rather than quadriplegic, since the latter implies that the condition defines them. Legally blind is a broad term for various eye conditions but generally refers to someone whose visual acuity is 20/200 or less even with corrective glasses or contact lenses. AP style: The style book states that congenital disorder is acceptable and recommends being specific about the condition. NCDJ Recommendation: It is acceptable to describe a person as someone with spina bifida, followed by a short explanation of what their condition entails if it is pertinent to the story. Do not assume that a person who has had a seizure has epilepsy. Background: A chronic illness is defined by the National Health Council as a health condition lasting three months or longer and includes conditions such as cancer or heart disease. People with addiction use substances or engage in behaviors that become compulsive and often continue despite harmful consequences, according to the American Academy of Pain Medicine. Avoid alcoholic, addict, user and abuser unless individuals prefer those terms for themselves or if they occur in quotations or names of organizations, such as Alcoholics Anonymous. While these often are technological in nature, such as speech-generating devices, interactive touch screens or amplifiers to boost volume, they also may include drawing, gesturing, signing, finger spelling or picture books, among others. In short, impairment refers to the condition of an organ or structure of the body; disability means that a person has a functional limitation due to an impairment. Many dislike the terms because hearing impaired describes a person in terms of a deficiency or what they cannot do. Others prefer it to disabled because dis means not, which means that disabled means not able. But particularly when it comes to referring to individuals, differently abled is problematic. Brain damage. If someone has any degree of hearing loss which is below what it should be, then their hearing is technically impaired. Reactions for those with chemical sensitivities are triggered by low-level exposure to everyday substances and products, including pesticides, solvents, cleaning agents, new carpeting and adhesives, and fragrances and scented products. The term midget was used in the past to describe an unusually short and proportionate person. (There are physical considerations that rule out cochlear implants for some.). Its considered offensive. The World Federation of the Deaf has taken the stance that hearing impaired is no longer an acceptable term. The terms intellectually disabled, developmentally disabled, cognitive disability and intellectual disability are acceptable when used in a people-first context to describe someone with Down syndrome, such as the person has a developmental disability. However, it is more accurate to refer specifically to Down syndrome when that is the medically diagnosed condition. The institute states, It is common for people to have mixed dementia a combination of two or more types of dementia. According to Psychology Today, it is a rare condition that may be associated with other disorders, such as schizophrenia. Able-bodied is an appropriate term to use in some cases, such as when referring to government reports on the proportion of able-bodied members in the workforce. Avoid made-up words like diversability and handicapable unless using them in direct quotes or to refer to a movement or organization. Social habits, practices, regulations, laws, and institutions that operate under the assumption that disabled people are inherently less capable overall, less valuable in society, and/or should have less personal autonomy than is ordinarily granted to people of the same age.. Euthanasia should not be used to describe medically assisted suicide or physician-assisted suicide. The AP also suggests using resources from www.reportingonsuicide.org. NCDJ Recommendation: Blind may be used for people who have complete or almost complete loss of sight. These same considerations apply when covering other 12-step programs, such as Narcotics Anonymous or Gamblers Anonymous. The Genome Research Institute offers comprehensive information about different genetic conditions, genetic testing and other pertinent topics. Less than one percent of the general population has schizophrenia, and it is treated mostly through the use of pharmaceutical drugs. Background: According to the University of Kansas Research & Training Center on Independent Living, disfigurement refers to physical changes caused by burns, trauma, disease or congenital conditions.. NCDJ Recommendation: The term non-disabled and the phrases does not have a disability or is not living with a disability are more neutral choices. question whether there is such a thing as a gifted child. Also, according to NOAH, the term albino has been used throughout history in a hateful way; therefore many prefer the people-first term, person with albinism.. It is widely viewed as legitimate and important.
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