The more killing there was, the more tuskless females you got. Using Data to Investigate Elephant Evolution, The Genetics of Tusklessness in Elephants, Developing an Explanation for Tuskless Elephants, Using Genetic Evidence to Identify Ivory Poaching Hotspots. 3. a. Selection for Tuskless Elephants. Elephants with large tusks are targeted by poachers, who sell the tusks on the ivory market. Lessons. 6. 2. %PDF-1.6 % The immune system responds to pathogens in two main ways: innate and adaptive immune responses. 6. This video follows Joyce Poole and other scientists working in Gorongosa National Park, Mozambique, who made the observation that many female elephants lack tusks. The same high-quality resources are now available with new features, including a logged-in experience. This activity guides students through learning and using key scientific terms, culminating in the creation of a customizable diagram. Poole, who is a co-author on the new paper, combed through old natural history films and amateur videos to estimate the prevalence of tusklessness prior to the war. The sex ratio of the offspring of tuskless mothers also indicated that the genetics responsible may be lethal for males. This interactive module explores how different animals elephants, birds, and bats have evolved distinct ways of using sound to communicate. This interactive module explores the biology of sex determination and development in humans, set against the backdrop of the different sex testing policies implemented throughout sports history. Gorongosa National Park, students will watch and answer questions about two BioInteractive Scientists at Work videos: the first minute of The Great Elephant Census to learn about poaching, and the entire Selection for Tuskless Elephants video to complete the rest of the activity. This video follows the work of researchers conducting the first census. Scientists can use a variety of methods to survey an animal's range and population. Researchers created the model in Figure 1 using data from cell fractionation studies. In this video Dr. Joyce Poole explains a possible reason. The accompanying worksheet guides students exploration. This film describes natural selection and adaptation in populations of rock pocket mice living in the American Southwest. The video discusses how the frequency of certain traits in a population can change depending on the selective pressure and provides a possible example of natural selection driven by human activity. This activity explores images of a coral bleaching event, which serve as phenomena for learning about marine ecosystems, human impacts, and climate change. Math.N-Q.A.1, Math.N-Q.A.3, Math.S-IC.3; MP2, MP3, IB Environmental Systems and Societies (2017), Teaching an Online Introductory Biology Lab Using Evolution and Ecology Resources, Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International license, Why no tusks? %PDF-1.5 % video until time 1:46 and answer the following questions. This tool can be used to add pause points, questions, and labels to any BioInteractive video. The Genetics of Tusklessness in Elephants This video follows scientists working in Gorongosa National Park as they try to determine the genes responsible for tusk development in elephants. Instead of having sons and daughters at an equal proportion, tuskless mothers gave birth to daughters roughly two thirds of the time. Propose a claim supported by scientific evidence to answer a research question. In this article from professor Karen Avery, see how she uses this unassuming model organism to teach concepts in cellular biology and genetics. This activity explores images of elephants with and without tusks, which serve as phenomena for learning about selection and human impacts on the frequency of traits within populations. eaht``wC(#U]}I)C Poaching brings evolutionary pressure for tusklessness. %%EOF Discover tools to help plan lessons and opportunities to support professional learning. Students apply what they have learned to evaluate the results of different tests that have been used throughout sports history to qualify female athletes to compete. In this activity, students collect and analyze evidence for each of the major conditions for evolution by natural selection to develop an explanation for how populations change over time. This interactive module explores examples of how changes in one species can affect species at other trophic levels and ultimately the entire ecosystem. Knowledge awaits. chromosome, differences in sex development (DSD), estrogen, Olympics, ovary, primary/secondary sex characteristic, sex determining region Y (SRY), testes, testosterone, X inactivation. Scientific Explanation of Evolution by Natural Selection. The resource is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International license. Using Pooles database, they further confirmed that, with a single exception, female elephants with two tusks had never been observed to have a tuskless baby. As of 2014, about 350,000 savanna elephants were living in Africa. 255 0 obj <> endobj In this article, professor Phil Gibson discusses how he uses modified version of our Data Point activities as simplified case studies. HS-LS4-2, HS-LS4-3, HS-LS4-4, HS-LS4-5; SEP1, SEP5, SEP6, EVO-1.E, EVO-1.G, SYI-2.B, SYI-3.D; SP3, SP4, SP5, SP6, Topic(s): 2.1, 2.6, 9.10 To determine the traits prevalence after the conflict ended, she used a database of individual elephants that she and her husband and research partner Petter Granlialso a co-author of the new studyhad already built to study elephant behavior and communication. Answers Biointeractive Hhmi - Effebi.biella.it. Create your free account or Sign in to continue. Among the younger females, who were born after this period of heavy poaching, 33% are tuskless. Elephant tusks are important for obtaining food and water, and essential to male elephants for competing for mates, so one might expect strong natural selection for having tusks. Elephants were not an obvious choice for Campbell-Staton, who has mostly focused on lizards until now. Thanks for reading Scientific American. The Click & Learn uses ongoing debates about the eligibility of certain female athletes to participate in women's events as an entry point . Please see the Terms of Use for information on how this resource can be used. Scientists are trying to determine the genes involved in tusk development and how variations in these genes can lead to tusklessness. Not only do animals die due to poaching, but there is also additional decline because half of the male offspring from the surviving tuskless mothers do not survive., Good agrees that the findings are alarming. endstream endobj 416 0 obj <. The study shows that tuskless male elephant offspring are not viable, meaning that population decline is accentuated, Pelletier says. II. Discover implementation ideas, lesson sequences, resource modifications, quick tips, and more in this collection of videos and in-depth articles. endstream endobj 255 0 obj <. endstream endobj startxref hb```lJB This interactive, modular lab explores the evolution of the anole lizards in the Caribbean through data collection and analysis. But in males with no other X chromosome to fall back on, that mutation appears to cause death in the womb. hbbd```b``"WH&. lz`f1,f u d Vi 2D7e@l( XDrG;".|`10H-v9Pl=0 u Most African . By watching segments of this video, students will follow the analyses and discoveries of Joyce Poole, a scientist who has studied elephants for many years. |U#62RF>^/,[4@[S5MT3M_q+; u* Follow Nuwer on Twitter @RachelNuwerCredit: Nick Higgins. Most of the elephants killed naturally did have tusks. Real science, real stories, and real data to engage students in exploring the living world. In females, mutations in a key gene on one of their X chromosomes seems to be responsible for tusklessness. The human immune system is made up of many cells, organs, and tissues. The story of African elephants is a powerful case study of how science can inform conservation. In this study, scientists used DNA profiling to determine where ivory seized from poachers had originated. Students use scientific evidence and reasoning to construct an explanation of and develop an argument for tusklessness in elephant populations. Poaching tips scales of elephant evolution, The Genetics of Tusklessness in Elephants, Using Genetic Evidence to Identify Ivory Poaching Hotspots, Using Data to Investigate Elephant Evolution, Developing an Explanation for Tuskless Elephants, Moth Mimicry: Using Ultrasound to Avoid Bats. This has left a notable gap in the literature that the new paper helps to fill. The module also shows how mutations in genes that encode cell cycle regulators can lead to the development of cancer. This study is among the first to show that selective killing of large vertebrates can have a direct impact on evolutionary change, says Fanie Pelletier, an ecologist at the University of Sherbrooke in Quebec, who co-authored a perspective piece in Science about the research. Suggest some ways to reduce the number of elephants that are illegally killed each year. Explain how the selective pressures on a population may impact the frequencies of phenotypes. AQ` n& BioInteractive is offering free workshops for high school and undergraduate life and environmental science educators. The first six weeks of the 15-week laboratory portion were conducted in a synchronous virtual format, using BioInteractive materials to teach the basic skills necessary to start the ethogram project. adaptation, claim, evidence, frequency, phenotype, poaching, population, reasoning, selection, selective pressure, variation. Analyzing Data on Tuskless Elephants Pre-Video Activity 1. The Google Drive folder is set as View Only; to save a copy of a document in this folder to your Google Drive, open that document, then select File Make a copy. These documents can be copied, modified, and distributed online following the Terms of Use listed in the Details section below, including crediting BioInteractive. 0 hhmi biointeractive tuskless elephants answer key About; Location; Menu; FAQ; Contacts HHMI Educator Tip Tuskless Elephants - YouTube In this video blog post, Kaitlin Bonner, an assistant professor of biology at St. John Fisher College in Rochester, NY, explains how she uses. Explore the methods scientists use to survey elephants. This interactive module explores the diversity of viruses based on structure, genome type, host range, transmission mechanism, replication cycles, and vaccine availability. keyboard_arrow_up Show footer Developing an Explanation for Tuskless Elephant www.BioInteractive.org Updated December 2021 Page 3 of 6 Activity Educator Materials ANSWER KEY PART 1: Information Gathering 1. 482 0 obj <>stream Fortunately, another research team was carrying out a collaring project to track matriarch elephants. In this video, Poole explains a possible reason. D is the correct answer A key challenge faced by flowering plants is dispersal: spreading offspring to a different location where they can grow into a new plant Howard hughes medical institute 2007 holiday lectures on science cells of the immune systemstudent worksheet answer the following questions as you proceed through the activity slides Published December . Explain how the selective pressures on a population may impact the frequencies of phenotypes. Please see the Terms of Use for information on how this resource can be used. 293 0 obj <>/Filter/FlateDecode/ID[<9453723FF87E8A44A337DAA0866B88AA><438003D2AD6765408BCD5AC475C7220B>]/Index[254 63]/Info 253 0 R/Length 160/Prev 292343/Root 255 0 R/Size 317/Type/XRef/W[1 3 1]>>stream Natural Selection Published October 2018 www.BioInteractive.org Page 3 of 6 Activity Student Handout Video Activity 7. In this activity, students work with authentic research data to explore the impact of poaching on African elephants. We were going to drive around at Gorongosa, spot an elephant, see if the elephant had tusks or not, wait for the elephant to poop and then collect its DNA, he says.
